Moreover, this common ownership of production and land also withers the coercive power of the state. Thus, the ultimate goal in communism is to establish a communist society structured by common ownership of production, absence of social classes for the progression of the state.
Therefore, communism is developed against capitalism whose main aim is to empower the suppressed working class by establishing social ownership of the means of production. Accordingly, there is a high interference of government in the market and trade. Fascism is a radical and authoritarian rule characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition and strong regimentation of society and economy.
On the other hand, communism is a political and economic philosophy emphasizing the common ownership of production to promote social equality. This explains the basic difference between fascism and communism. The aim of fascism is to forge national unity and maintain a stable and orderly society while the aim of communism is to establish social equality through the social ownership of production.
This is a main difference between fascism and communism. Another importantant difference between fascism and communism is the control of economy. The means of production are nominally privately owned, but it is directed by the state in fascism whereas there is complete governmental control of the economy in communism.
The principles of the respective philosophies are the major difference between fascism and communism. Fascism is characterized by principles such as extreme nationalism, militarism, racism, and social Darwinism. On the other hand, communism is characterized by economic and social principles such as common ownership of production, prohibition of social classes, equality between genders and all people, etc.
Furthermore, violence through military actions is a necessity in fascism in order to rejuvenate nationalism whereas violence is not considered a necessity in communism. Fascist has a radical and an authoritarian leader who is superior whereas in theory there is no leader or a ruler in communism since everyone is considered equal. Moreover, fascism has strongly held traditional gender roles in addition to considering people as mere subjects who should be obedient to the ruler.
Besides that, racism is the principle of discrimination in fascism whereas in communism there are no divisions among people under any aspect. But after seizing power, fascist leaders tended to abolish political parties, oppose universal suffrage and became dictators and Rulersrulers for life. In communist countries, democracy might be the path to power a communist majority is elected , but single-party rule is the prevailing tendency.
Although elections may continue to be held, a country's Communist Party is often the only body eligible to place candidates on the ballot. Leadership in the party is usually based on seniority rather than merit. A central ruling committee within the party governs debate allowing or disallowing it and essentially establishes the "line" the party follows.
Although communism preaches inclusion, the tendency is toward elitism and concentration of power within the party leadership alone. Communism is based on the equal distribution of wealth.
The tenet of Marxian communism was "From each according to his ability, to each according to his need. In order to ensure that everyone receives an equal amount, all means of production are controlled by the state. Fascism allows for private enterprise, but its economic system is focused entirely on strengthening and glorifying the state. Both Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany aimed for self-sufficiency, so that each country could survive entirely without trade with other nations.
See fascist corporatism. In both communism and fascism, individual choice or preference matter less than society as a whole. In communism, religion and private property are both abolished, the government controls all labor and wealth, and individual choices such as one's job or education tend to be dictated by the government.
While private property is permitted in fascism, most other choices are also controlled to increase the strength of the state. The first real-world example of Marxist Communism was in Russia in , when the Bolshevik Party seized control in the October Revolution. Russian leaders of the time, such as Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky, were seen as examples worthy of emulation in other countries, spearheading the growth of communist parties throughout Europe. In reaction to what was seen as a growing communist menace, fascism appeared in Italy and Germany.
The focus was on nationalism rather than inclusion in a "global communist state" that many feared would create puppets of Russia's communist party. To keep workers from seizing control of their workplaces, corporations and key economic engines were taken over by the government nationalized , uniting business and government into monopolies.
Fascism then spread throughout Europe, including to Germany beginning in with the Nazis, and Portugal in Communism spread throughout Europe and Asia, establishing a constant presence in the political debates of leading countries such as England, France, and the U. The "fall of China" to communism caused major concern in Europe and the U.
After the war, the Soviet Union was formed, forcibly adding several countries to its communist coalition. China became active in its Asian sphere of influence, backing North Korea against U. Vietnam was also a test case in a war that had the U. However, many of these regimes were toppled by subsequent coups or undermined by U. One exception is Cuba, where its government was overthrown by Fidel Castro's forces in and declared allegiance to the Soviet Union; it has since remained a communist nation.
Other fascist regimes emerged in South America and Africa, but failed to remain in power for long. The spread of communism, though extensive, was probably less successful than it could have been due to the lack of collaboration between the Soviet Union and China, each espousing a different "true communist" philosophy.
The collapse of the Soviet Union in and the economic depression of China that lasted over 50 years, added to the failure of other communist governments, led to a large-scale abandonment of communism as a political theory. As of , China, Cuba, and North Korea are the most prominent of about a dozen communist countries out of over in the world.
However, China has adopted basic capitalist practices to develop the world's fastest-growing and largest economy, Cuba has agreed to normalize relations with the U. No countries are currently operate under a fascist philosophy, but neo-fascists or neo-Nazis exist in many countries, including the U. Noted supporters of communism in the U. Many people openly supported communism in the s and s. Although belief in communism is not a crime under U. Some famous Americans and companies were involved with the fascist regimes of Europe, particularly Nazi Germany, although most later withdrew their open support.
Many people consider capitalism , communism, and fascism to be entirely separate systems, but there are shared elements. In capitalist systems, the presence of "public domain" works, to be shared by all, follows a communist principle, as does a system of public education. Employee-owned companies follow a communist model in giving workers the same rights and privileges as owners. Lobbying is a fascist trait in capitalist systems, especially the U.
This allows corporations to cement alliances with government power and supersede citizen's rights. An extension of this principle is seen in the Citizens United decision by the Supreme Court , which grants "free speech" rights to corporations.
Share this comparison:. If you read this far, you should follow us:. Diffen LLC, n. Great description of the two social movements. I'm not sure where claims of bias towards the description of communism in this article are rooted I've read several books on the subject and this description seems right on the money.
Perhaps this is just bias towards the movement itself North Korea is not a communist nation. It is a facist dictatorship in which a single person has absolute authority.
As your chart correctly states, there has never been a communist nation. Communist movements are quickly hijacked by opportunistic dictators. Communism vs. Comparison chart Communism versus Fascism comparison chart Communism Fascism Philosophy From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs. Free-access to the articles of consumption is made possible by advances in technology that allow for super-abundance.
The state must gain glory through constant conquest and war. The past was glorious, and that the State can be renewed. The individual has no value outside of his or her role in promoting the glory of the State. Philosophies varied by country. Key Elements Centralized government, planned economy, dictatorship of the "proletariat", common ownership of the tools of production, no private property.
Usually anti-democratic with a 1-party system. Actual idealism, centralized government, social Darwinism, planned economy, anti-democratic, meritocratic, extreme nationalism, militarism, racism Nazism.
One party system. Ideas All people are the same and therefore classes make no sense. The government should own all means of production and land and also everything else. People should work for the government and the collective output should be redistributed equally. Union between businesses and the State, with the state telling the business what to do, with nominally private ownership.
Corporatism in Italy, National Socialism in Germany. Central planning of National economy. Redistribution of wealth Nazi. Many former communists joined the cause because of this dramatic novel and its description of the movement's commitment to "ultimate dignity.
The myth of the Party, more than the myth of the Leader, explains the longevity and endurance of the Leninist project. By contrast, the Fascists, while invoking the commands of historical Providence, invested the ultimate center of power not so much in the institution as in the infallible "genius" of the Leader. For the Fascists, the party mattered, but it never had the kind of charismatic magnet with which it was endowed in Leninist incarnations.
An insistence that there was some form of lingering morality in Bolshevik utopianism, along with the exploitation of anti-Fascist emotions, is primarily responsible for the persistent refusal to acknowledge that the Soviet system was, from its inception, a criminal system. According to this belief, to document and condemn Nazi bestiality was acceptable, but to focus on analogous atrocities perpetrated by the Radical Left was primitive.
The revolutions of and the collapse of the Soviet Union in changed this outlook. The Black Book of Communism, which documents communist atrocities, was very well received upon publication in France in , selling over , copies.
What The Black Book of Communism succeeds in demonstrating is that communism in its Leninist version was from the outset inimical to the values of individual rights and human freedom.
In spite of communism's overblown rhetoric on emancipation from oppression, the leap into freedom turned out to be an experiment in social engineering. The idea of an independent judiciary was rejected as "rotten liberalism. Just as in Hitler's Germany where the heinous Nuremberg Laws were a legal fiction dictated by racial obsessions, from the outset, Bolshevism subordinated justice to party interests.
For Lenin, dictatorship of the proletariat was rule by force and unrestricted by any law. The presumption of innocence was replaced by a universalized presumption of guilt.
Utopian ideals were used to legitimize abuses against political enemies defined only in connection with the interests of a self-appointed revolutionary vanguard.
Paranoia regarding infiltration, subversion, and treason were enduring features of all communist political cultures, from Russia and China, to Romania and Yugoslavia. Leninist parties in France and Italy, officially playing the democratic parliamentary game after World War II, were no less tolerant of deviation from the orthodox line than similar extreme right institutions, with the sole difference that in keeping with the nature of the game, these quasi- democratic parties could not physically liquidate alleged spies and agents.
There is no spectacular revelation in The Black Book: what has emerged from the secret archives of the former Soviet bloc countries confirms the long-held view that communists engaged in revolutionary civil war to accomplish the total transformation of the economy, society, and culture. What is original, is the comprehensive and systematic analysis and interpretation of the crimes and repression associated with Leninist practices in the 20th century.
When comparing the number of victims of the communist regimes between 85 and million with the number of people who perished under or because of Nazism 25 million , however, The Black Book's editor, Stephane Courtois, minimized a few crucial facts.
First, as an expansionist global phenomenon, Communism has existed since its inception in until the present time in some countries i.
National Socialism lasted between and Second, what the price in terms of victims of Nazism would had been, had Hitler won the war, is not known. The logical hypothesis, however, is that in addition to Jews and Gypsies, millions of Slavs and other "racially unfit" individuals would have been killed. Third, in the case of communism, there is a dynamic that could, and did, contrast the original promise to the sordidly criminal practice.
In other words, the ideology allowed a space for potential reforms - even for socialism with a human face - within the communist world. Such a thing would have been unthinkable under Nazism. The chasm between theory and practice, or at least between the moral-humanist Marxian or socialist creed, and the Leninist, Stalinist or Maoist and Khmer Rouge experiments was more than an intellectual fantasy. Sovietism and Nazism were equally scornful of traditional morality and legality in their drive to eliminate "enemies," but for Lenin and his followers "re-education," cruel and humiliating as it was, did offer at least some chance for survival to either the "class enemy" or to their offspring.
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