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This is typically done by combining a Greek or sometimes Latin prefix that describes the phobia with the -phobia suffix. For example, a fear of water would be named by combining hydro water and phobia fear. This is actually more common than you might imagine.
These panic attacks can be so uncomfortable that people do everything they can to avoid them in the future. For example, if you have a panic attack while sailing, you may fear sailing in the future, but you may also fear panic attacks or fear developing hydrophobia. Studying specific phobias is a complicated process. A survey of more than 8, respondents published in the British Journal of Psychiatry found that some of the most common phobias include:. Specific phobias tend to be incredibly specific.
Some so much so that they may only affect a handful of people at a time. The most effective treatment for specific phobias is a type of psychotherapy called exposure therapy.
During exposure therapy, you work with a psychologist to learn how to desensitize yourself to the object or situation that you fear. This treatment helps you change your thoughts and feelings about the object or situation, so that you can learn to control your reactions. This process is done with the help of a qualified mental health professional, who knows how to guide you slowly through increasing levels of exposure coupled with relaxation exercises. If you fear spiders, you will begin by simply thinking of spiders or situations where you may encounter one.
Then you may progress to pictures or videos. Then perhaps go to a place where spiders may be, such as a basement or wooded area. If you have claustrophobia, for example, you might turn down a lucrative job offer if you have to ride the elevator to get to the office.
If you have a fear of heights, you might drive an extra 20 miles in order to avoid a tall bridge. Understanding your phobia is the first step to overcoming it. It also helps to know that phobias are highly treatable. No matter how out of control it feels right now, you can overcome your anxiety and fear and start living the life you want.
Barbara is terrified of flying. Unfortunately, she has to travel a lot for work, and this traveling takes a terrible toll. It gets worse and worse with every flight. But better that, she tells herself, than getting on a plane again. It is normal and even helpful to experience fear in dangerous situations.
With our bodies and minds alert and ready for action, we are able to respond quickly and protect ourselves. But with phobias the threat is nonexistent or greatly exaggerated. For example, it is only natural to be afraid of a snarling Doberman, but it is irrational to be terrified of a friendly poodle on a leash, as you might be if you have a dog phobia.
Many childhood fears are natural and tend to develop at specific ages. For example, many young children are afraid of the dark and may need a nightlight to sleep.
In most cases, they will grow out of this fear as they get older. These include fear of choking, fear of getting a disease such as cancer, and fear of clowns. Social phobia , also called social anxiety disorder , is fear of social situations where you may be embarrassed or judged.
If you have social phobia, then you may be excessively self-conscious and afraid of humiliating yourself in front of others. Fear of public speaking—an extremely common phobia—is a type of social phobia. Other fears associated with social phobia include fear of eating or drinking in public, talking to strangers, taking exams, mingling at a party, or being called on in class.
Agoraphobia was traditionally thought to involve a fear of public places and open spaces, but is now believed to develop as a complication of panic attacks. You may also avoid cars, airplanes, subways, and other forms of travel. In more severe cases, you might only feel safe at home.
The symptoms of a phobia can range from mild feelings of apprehension and anxiety to a full-blown panic attack. Your fear will also be higher if getting away is difficult.
The symptoms of blood-injection-injury phobia are slightly different from other phobias. When confronted with the sight of blood or a needle, you experience not only fear, but also disgust. Like other phobias, you initially feel anxious as your heart speeds up. However, unlike other phobias, this acceleration is followed by a quick drop in blood pressure, which leads to nausea, dizziness, and fainting.
Although a fear of fainting is common in all specific phobias, blood-injection-injury phobia is the only phobia where fainting can actually occur.
Read: Overcoming a Fear of Needles. On the other hand, if you have a severe phobia of crowded spaces, living in a big city would pose a problem.
Self-help strategies and therapy can both be effective at treating a phobia. As a general rule, self-help is always worth a try. However, if your phobia is so severe that it triggers panic attacks or uncontrollable anxiety, you may want to seek additional support. Therapy for phobias has a great track record.
Not only does it work extremely well, but you tend to see results very quickly—sometimes in as a little as one to four sessions. Just having someone to hold your hand or stand by your side as you face your fears can be extremely helpful. So having a phobia can interfere with normal activities. A person with a phobia of dogs might feel afraid to walk to school in case he or she sees a dog on the way. Someone with an elevator phobia might avoid a field trip if it involves going on an elevator. A girl with a phobia of thunderstorms might be afraid to go to school if the weather forecast predicts a storm.
She might feel terrible distress and fear when the sky turns cloudy. A guy with social phobia experiences intense fear of public speaking or interacting, and may be afraid to answer questions in class, give a report, or speak to classmates in the lunchroom. It can be exhausting and upsetting to feel the intense fear that goes with having a phobia. It can be disappointing to miss out on opportunities because fear is holding you back. And it can be confusing and embarrassing to feel afraid of things that others seem to have no problem with.
Sometimes, people get teased about their fears. Even if the person doing the teasing doesn't mean to be unkind and unfair, teasing only makes the situation worse. Some phobias develop when someone has a scary experience with a particular thing or situation. A tiny brain structure called the amygdala pronounced: uh-MIG-duh-luh keeps track of experiences that trigger strong emotions. Once a certain thing or situation triggers a strong fear reaction, the amygdala warns the person by triggering a fear reaction every time he or she encounters or even thinks about that thing or situation.
Someone might develop a bee phobia after being stung during a particularly scary situation. For that person, looking at a photograph of a bee, seeing a bee from a distance, or even walking near flowers where there could be a bee can all trigger the phobia.
Sometimes, though, there may be no single event that causes a particular phobia. Some people may be more sensitive to fears because of personality traits they are born with, certain genes they've inherited, or situations they've experienced. People who have had strong childhood fears or anxiety may be more likely to have one or more phobias. Having a phobia isn't a sign of weakness or immaturity. It's a response the brain has learned in an attempt to protect the person.
It's as if the brain's alert system triggers a false alarm, generating intense fear that is out of proportion to the situation. Because the fear signal is so intense, the person is convinced the danger is greater than it actually is. People can learn to overcome phobias by gradually facing their fears.
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